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A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. [8] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, difficulty with thinking and concentration, sleep disturbances, mood changes, a brief period of memory loss, brief loss of consciousness; problems with balance; nausea; blurred vision; and mood changes.
The Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6) can be used to help non-medically trained people manage sport related concussion on the sideline to ensure that they are directed to the appropriate care. [2] Symptoms of concussion can be felt right away or appear over the first 1-2 days after an accident.
The age groups most at risk for TBI are children ages five to nine and adults over age 80, [9] and the highest rates of death and hospitalization due to TBI are in people over age 65. [140] The incidence of fall-related TBI in First-World countries is increasing as the population ages; thus the median age of people with head injuries has increased.
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SIS is a potential complication from an athlete returning to a game before symptoms from a minor head injury have subsided. [4] Such symptoms include headache, cognitive difficulties, or visual changes. [1] The initial injury may be a concussion, or it may be another, more severe, type of head trauma, such as cerebral contusion. [5]
Education about symptoms and their usual time course is a part of psychological therapy, and is most effective when provided soon after the injury. [51] Since stress exacerbates post-concussion symptoms, and vice versa, an important part of treatment is reassurance that PCS symptoms are normal, and education about how to deal with impairments. [22]
A Canadian study followed 700 children in the first seven to 10 days following a head injury.
Concussion grading systems are sets of criteria used in sports medicine to determine the severity, or grade, of a concussion, the mildest form of traumatic brain injury. At least 16 such systems exist, [ 1 ] and there is little agreement among professionals about which is the best to use. [ 2 ]