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The mel scale (after the word melody) [1] is a perceptual scale of pitches judged by listeners to be equal in distance from one another. The reference point between this scale and normal frequency measurement is defined by assigning a perceptual pitch of 1000 mels to a 1000 Hz tone, 40 dB above the listener's threshold.
The top pair of graphs represent the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) representation. The middle pair, depict a normalized frequency scale, preferred by many filter design programs. The frequency, f, in Hz is divided by the sample-rate. The periodicity and Nyquist frequency are then represented by constants, 1 and 1/2 respectively.
A spectrogram of ascending Shepard tones on a linear frequency scale A Shepard tone , named after Roger Shepard , is a sound consisting of a superposition of sine waves separated by octaves . When played with the bass pitch of the tone moving upward or downward, it is referred to as the Shepard scale .
The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a self-report questionnaire that consists of two 10-item scales to measure both positive and negative affect.Each item is rated on a 5-point verbal frequency scale of 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much).
The Bark scale is a psychoacoustical scale proposed by Eberhard Zwicker in 1961. It is named after Heinrich Barkhausen , who proposed the first subjective measurements of loudness. [ 1 ] One definition of the term is "a frequency scale on which equal distances correspond with perceptually equal distances.
Each category or item is rated on a 7-point scale (1 = <25% independence; total assistance required, 7 = 100% independence). [1] [2] As such, FIM scores may be interpreted to indicate level of independence or level of burden of care.
[2] [3] The other, older, scale commonly used is called slendro. Pelog has seven notes, but many gamelan ensembles only have keys for five of the pitches. Even in ensembles that have all seven notes, many pieces only use a subset of five notes, sometimes the additional 4th tone is also used in a piece like western accidentals.
There are score ranges that define low, moderate and high levels of each scale based on the 0-6 scoring. The 7-level frequency scale for all MBI scales is as follows: Never (0) A few times a year or less (1) Once a month or less (2) A few times a month (3) Once a week (4) A few times a week (5) Every day (6)