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  2. Cell theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_theory

    All known living things are made up of one or more cells [13] All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. The cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms. [14] The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells. [15] Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs ...

  3. Nucleotide base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide_base

    The viral polymerase incorporates these compounds with non-canonical bases. These compounds are activated in the cells by being converted into nucleotides; they are administered as nucleosides as charged nucleotides cannot easily cross cell membranes. [citation needed] At least one set of new base pairs has been announced as of May 2014. [15]

  4. Nucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide

    This nucleotide contains the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose (at center), a nucleobase called adenine (upper right), and one phosphate group (left). The deoxyribose sugar joined only to the nitrogenous base forms a Deoxyribonucleoside called deoxyadenosine, whereas the whole structure along with the phosphate group is a nucleotide, a constituent of DNA with the name deoxyadenosine monophosphate.

  5. Cell (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

    Cell nucleus: A cell's information center, the cell nucleus is the most conspicuous organelle found in a eukaryotic cell. It houses the cell's chromosomes , and is the place where almost all DNA replication and RNA synthesis ( transcription ) occur.

  6. Nucleic acid structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure

    One or more phosphate groups. [1] The nitrogen bases adenine and guanine are purine in structure and form a glycosidic bond between their 9 nitrogen and the 1' -OH group of the deoxyribose. Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines, hence the glycosidic bonds

  7. Nucleoplasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoplasm

    These proteins take part in RNA transcription and gene regulation in the nucleoplasm. [2] Proteins located in the nucleoplasm are involved in the activation of genes that are used in the cell cycle. [8] Some nucleoporins which typically make up the nuclear pore, can be mobile and participate in the regulation of gene expression in the nucleoplasm.

  8. Nucleophile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophile

    A hydroxide ion acting as a nucleophile in an S N 2 reaction, converting a haloalkane into an alcohol. In chemistry, a nucleophile is a chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair. All molecules and ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles. Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they ...

  9. DNA synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_synthesis

    DNA is a macromolecule made up of nucleotide units, which are linked by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds, in a repeating structure. DNA synthesis occurs when these nucleotide units are joined to form DNA; this can occur artificially ( in vitro ) or naturally ( in vivo ).