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The term pessimism derives from the Latin word pessimus, meaning 'the worst'.It was first used by Jesuit critics of Voltaire's 1759 novel Candide, ou l'Optimisme.Voltaire was satirizing the philosophy of Leibniz who maintained that this was the 'best (optimum) of all possible worlds'.
Optimism: The construct called "optimism" is associated with having a positive outcome, outlook, or attribution, including positive emotions and motivations, while maintaining a realistic outlook. [19] Optimism was first explained by Martin Seligman, whereby optimists are defined as those who make internal, stable, and global attributions of ...
The Life Orientation Test (LOT) was designed by Scheier and Carver (1985) [full citation needed] to assess dispositional optimism – expecting positive or negative outcomes. [21] It is one of the more popular tests of optimism and pessimism.
He first introduced the concept of learned optimism and described how having a more joyful, optimistic mindset can positively impact a person’s quality of life in his 1990 book Learned Optimism ...
Learned optimism is the idea in positive psychology that a talent for joy, like any other, can be cultivated. In contrast with learned helplessness , optimism is learned by consciously challenging any negative self talk .
Nevertheless, pessimism still sounds intelligent and optimism dumb. I often feel embarrassed to admit that I’m an optimist. I imagine it knocks me down a peg or two in people’s estimations.
A new study from Michigan State University says that there's a physical, biological difference in the brains of optimists and pessimists. The study took 71 female participants and pre-screened ...
Reaching a pessimistic conclusion can be approached in various manners, with numerous arguments reinforcing this perspective. However, certain recurring themes consistently emerge: Life is not worth living — one of the most common arguments of pessimists is that life is not worth living. In short, pessimists view existence, overall, as having ...