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[8] 1960–1964 Baran, Paul: One of two independent inventors of the concept of digital packet switching used in modern computer networking including the Internet. [9] [10] Published a series of briefings and papers about dividing information into "message blocks" and sending them over distributed networks (1960–1964). [11] [12] 1874 Baudot ...
John Napier (1550–1617), the inventor of logarithms. The earliest known tool for use in computation was the abacus, developed in the period between 2700 and 2300 BCE in Sumer. [3] The Sumerians' abacus consisted of a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system.
First built in 1972, a small number shipped in early 1973. [22] [23] Micral N: Intel 8008 [24] 1973: Awarded the title of "the first personal computer using a microprocessor" by a panel at the Computer History Museum in 1986. [25] Seiko 7000 Intel 8080: 1974 Another desktop calculator usable as a computer when connected to a teletype.
Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider (1915–1990) was a faculty member of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and researcher at Bolt, Beranek and Newman.He developed the idea of a universal computer network at the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) of the United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).
Eventually, the concept of numbers became concrete and familiar enough for counting to arise, at times with sing-song mnemonics to teach sequences to others. All known human languages, except the Piraha language, have words for at least the numerals "one" and "two", and even some animals like the blackbird can distinguish a surprising number of items.
The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project, an attempt to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating systems. The Computer Revolution/Timeline at Wikibooks "File:Timeline.pdf - Engineering and Technology History Wiki" (PDF). ethw.org. 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-31
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī invented the Planisphere, an analog computer. [3] He also invented the first mechanical lunisolar calendar which employed a gear train and eight gear-wheels. [4] This was an early example of a fixed-wired knowledge processing machine. [5] [dubious – discuss] c. 1015
A few of these people pre-date the invention of the digital computer; they are now regarded as computer scientists because their work can be seen as leading to the invention of the computer. Others are mathematicians whose work falls within what would now be called theoretical computer science, such as complexity theory and algorithmic ...