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Cataract surgery is one of the most cost-effective health interventions, since its economic benefits considerably exceed the cost of treatment. [ 131 ] [ 132 ] The 1998 World Health Report estimated 19.34 million people were bilaterally blind due to age-related cataracts, and that cataracts were responsible for 43% of all cases of blindness.
The cataract is removed from the capsule and anterior chamber using hydroexpression [Note 3] viscoexpression, [Note 4] or more-direct mechanical methods. [4] [13] [14] The extraction of the cataract must be done with due care so as not to compromise the integrity of the tunnel; the endothelium and capsule are also vulnerable to injury.
The weighted mean number of ophthalmologists per million inhabitants in the region was approximately 62. Cataract-surgery coverage widely varied across Latin America, ranging from 15% in El Salvador, to 77% in Uruguay. Barriers cited included cost of surgery and lack of awareness about available surgical treatment.
Cataract surgery by “couching” (lens depression) is one of the oldest surgical procedures. The technique involves using a sharp instrument to push the cloudy lens to the bottom of the eye. Perhaps this procedure is that which is mentioned in the articles of the Code of Hammurabi (ca. 1792–1750 BC) though it is a mere speculation.
[45] [56] In some developed countries, a trend to overuse cataract surgery has been noted, which may lead to disappointing results. [57] Phacoemulsification is the most widely used cataract surgery in the developed world. [58] [59] This procedure uses ultrasonic energy to emulsify the cataract lens.
Beer-type cataract knife and needle, cased, Paris, 1820-1866 A cataract surgery. Dictionnaire Universel de Médecine (1746–1748) On Sep. 18, 1750, Jacques Daviel performed the first documented planned primary cataract extraction on a cleric in Cologne. [ 29 ]
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