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Treponema denticola is a Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, motile and highly proteolytic spirochete bacterium. It is one of four species of oral spirochetes to be reliably cultured, the others being Treponema pectinovorum, Treponema socranskii and Treponema vincentii [ 2 ] .
Chronic periodontitis is initiated by Gram-negative tooth-associated microbial biofilms that elicit a host response, which results in bone and soft tissue destruction. In response to endotoxin derived from periodontal pathogens, several osteoclast-related mediators target the destruction of alveolar bone and supporting connective tissue such as the periodontal ligament.
Bacterial infection by Prevotella intermedia, Treponema, Selenomonas, Fusobacterium spp, Spirochetes and compromised host immune response Risk factors HIV / AIDS , malnutrition , psychological stress , sleep deprivation , inadequate oral hygiene , pre-existing gingivitis , history of necrotizing periodontal disease , tobacco and alcohol use ...
Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria. The major treponeme species of human pathogens is Treponema pallidum, whose subspecies are responsible for diseases such as syphilis, bejel, and yaws. Treponema carateum is the cause of pinta. [2] Treponema paraluiscuniculi is associated with syphilis in rabbits. [3]
Periodontal pathogens are bacteria that have been shown to significantly contribute to periodontitis.. Dental plaque, the precursor of periodontal disease, is a complex biofilm consisting mainly of bacteria, but also archaea, protozoa, fungi and viruses.
The red complex is a group of bacteria that are categorized together based on their association with severe forms of periodontal disease. [1] The red complex—among a number of other complexes—were classified by Sigmund Socransky in 1998.
Bejel, or endemic syphilis, is a chronic skin and tissue disease caused by infection by the endemicum subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum. Bejel is one of the "endemic treponematoses" (endemic infections caused by spiral-shaped bacteria called treponemes), a group that also includes yaws and pinta.
Necrotizing periodontal diseases are caused by a mixed bacterial infection that includes anaerobes such as P. intermedia [1] and Fusobacterium as well as spirochetes, such as Treponema. [ 3 ] Necrotizing gingivitis may also be associated with diseases in which the immune system is compromised, including HIV/AIDS. [ 1 ]