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Most importantly, the maximum lift-to-drag ratio is independent of the weight of the aircraft, the area of the wing, or the wing loading. It can be shown that two main drivers of maximum lift-to-drag ratio for a fixed wing aircraft are wingspan and total wetted area. One method for estimating the zero-lift drag coefficient of an aircraft is the ...
A Gabrielli–von Karman diagram with the y-axis being the lift-to-drag ratio, which is the inverse of specific resistance. The von Kármán–Gabrielli diagram (also Gabrielli–von Kármán diagram , GvK diagram ) is a diagram which compares the efficiency of transportation methods by plotting specific tractive force , or specific resistance ...
The drag curve or drag polar is the relationship between the drag on an aircraft and other variables, such as lift, the coefficient of lift, angle-of-attack or speed. It may be described by an equation or displayed as a graph (sometimes called a "polar plot"). [ 1 ]
Download QR code; Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... Lift-induced drag; Lift-to-drag ratio; P. Parasitic drag; S.
The logarithmic term with weight ratios is replaced by the direct ratio between / = where is the energy per mass of the battery (e.g. 150-200 Wh/kg for Li-ion batteries), the total efficiency (typically 0.7-0.8 for batteries, motor, gearbox and propeller), / lift over drag (typically around 18), and the weight ratio / typically around 0.3.
In 1974, a NASA-funded study prompted by Kline and Fogelman's claims and the resulting national coverage found the airfoil to have worse lift-to-drag ratio than a flat plate airfoil in wind tunnel tests. [4] In the 1990s, after the original patents expired, researchers returned to the topic of stepped wings.
L/DMAX occurs at minimum Total Drag (e.g. Parasite plus Induced) Coefficients of Drag and Lift vs Angle of Attack. Stall speed corresponds to the Angle of Attack at the Maximum Coefficient of Lift. The lift-to-drag ratio, or L/D ratio, is the amount of lift generated by a wing or vehicle, divided by the drag it creates by moving through the air ...
This lift is used to control the trajectory of the capsule, allowing reduced g-forces on the crew, as well as reducing the peak heat transfer into the capsule. The longer the vehicle spends at high altitude, the thinner the air is and the less heat is conducted. For example, the Apollo CM had a lift to drag ratio of about 0.35.