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Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy, [3] with a median life expectancy of 27–31 years. [5] [11] However, with comprehensive care, some individuals may live into their 30s or 40s. [3] Duchenne muscular dystrophy is considerably rarer in females, occurring in approximately one in 50,000,000 live female ...
Individuals with DMD often experience difficulties in areas of self-care, productivity and leisure. This is related to the effects of the disorder, such as decreased mobility; decreased strength and postural stability; progressive deterioration of upper-limb function; and contractures. [ 1 ]
Many affected people will eventually become unable to walk [2] and Duchenne muscular dystrophy in particular is associated with shortened life expectancy. Muscular dystrophy was first described in the 1830s by Charles Bell. [2] The word "dystrophy" comes from the Greek dys, meaning "no, un-" and troph-meaning "nourish". [2]
Symptoms can be addressed with physical therapy, bracing, and reconstructive surgery such as surgical fixation of the scapula to the thorax. [11] FSHD affects up to 1 in 8,333 people, [2] putting it in the three most common muscular dystrophies with myotonic dystrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. [12] [13] Prognosis is variable.
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of genetic disorders that cause progressive muscle loss and weakness. [1] In DM, muscles are often unable to relax after contraction. [1] Other manifestations may include cataracts, intellectual disability and heart conduction problems.
Physical and occupational therapy for the child can be very effective in maintaining muscle strength. [ 6 ] There is no published practice standard for the care in DSMA1, even though the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Standard of Care Committee [ further explanation needed ] has been trying to come to a consensus on the care standards for DSMA1 patients.
Symptoms of motor neuron diseases can be first seen at birth or can come on slowly later in life. Most of these diseases worsen over time; while some, such as ALS, shorten one's life expectancy, others do not. [2] Currently, there are no approved treatments for the majority of motor neuron disorders, and care is mostly symptomatic. [2]
Guidelines for treating resistant hypertension have been published in the UK [45] and US. [46] It has been proposed that a proportion of resistant hypertension may be the result of chronic high activity of the autonomic nervous system, known as "neurogenic hypertension". [47] Low adherence to treatment is an important cause of resistant ...