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  2. History of atomic theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_atomic_theory

    Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to ...

  3. Atomic, molecular, and optical physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic,_molecular,_and...

    Atomic physics is the subfield of AMO that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus, while molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules. The term atomic physics is often associated with nuclear power and nuclear bombs, due to the synonymous use of atomic and nuclear in standard English.

  4. Atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

    But this ancient idea was based in philosophical reasoning rather than scientific reasoning. Modern atomic theory is not based on these old concepts. [2] [3] In the early 19th century, the scientist John Dalton found evidence that matter really is composed of discrete units, and so applied the word atom to those units. [4]

  5. Modern physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_physics

    Modern physics is a branch of physics that developed in the early 20th century and onward or branches greatly influenced by early 20th century physics. Notable branches of modern physics include quantum mechanics , special relativity , and general relativity .

  6. Atomic physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_physics

    The term atomic physics can be associated with nuclear power and nuclear weapons, due to the synonymous use of atomic and nuclear in standard English. Physicists distinguish between atomic physics—which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons—and nuclear physics , which studies nuclear reactions and special ...

  7. Quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics

    Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science.

  8. Atomism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomism

    He described atomic theory as a 'Thoroughly materialistic bit of joiners work'. [77] English chemist Alexander Williamson used his Presidential Address to the London Chemical Society in 1869 [78] to defend the atomic theory against its critics and doubters. This in turn led to further meetings at which the positivists again attacked the ...

  9. Matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter

    Matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not the same in modern physics. [9] Matter is a general term describing any 'physical substance'. By contrast, mass is not a substance but rather an extensive property of matter and other substances or systems; various types of mass are defined within physics – including but not limited ...