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  2. Water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

    The three common states of matter. Along with oxidane, water is one of the two official names for the chemical compound H 2 O; [50] it is also the liquid phase of H 2 O. [51] The other two common states of matter of water are the solid phase, ice, and the gaseous phase, water vapor or steam.

  3. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    In this state, the distinction between liquid and gas disappears. A supercritical fluid has the physical properties of a gas, but its high density confers solvent properties in some cases, which leads to useful applications. For example, supercritical carbon dioxide is used to extract caffeine in the manufacture of decaffeinated coffee. [3]

  4. List of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemical_elements

    A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...

  5. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Ferromagnetism: A state of matter with spontaneous magnetization. Antiferromagnetism: A state of matter in which the neighboring spin are antiparallel with each other, and there is no net magnetization. Ferrimagnetism: A state in which local moments partially cancel. Altermagnetism: A state with zero net magnetization and spin-split electronic ...

  6. Template:List of oxidation states of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:List_of_oxidation...

    This table lists only the occurrences in compounds and complexes, not pure elements in their standard state or allotropes. Noble gas +1 Bold values are main oxidation states

  7. Periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

    The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, is an ordered arrangement of the chemical elements into rows ("periods") and columns ("groups"). It is an icon of chemistry and is widely used in physics and other sciences.

  8. Properties of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_water

    [23] 0.23 ppm of the earth's mass is water and 97.39% of the global water volume of 1.38 × 10 9 km 3 is found in the oceans. [84] Water is far more prevalent in the outer Solar System, beyond a point called the frost line, where the Sun's radiation is too weak to vaporize solid and liquid water (as well as other elements and chemical compounds ...

  9. Phase diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_diagram

    Triple points mark conditions at which three different phases can coexist. For example, the water phase diagram has a triple point corresponding to the single temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gaseous water can coexist in a stable equilibrium (273.16 K and a partial vapor pressure of 611.657 Pa).