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Some azole drugs may disrupt estrogen production in pregnancy, affecting pregnancy outcome. [26] Oral fluconazole is not associated with a significantly increased risk of birth defects overall, although it does increase the odds ratio of tetralogy of Fallot, but the absolute risk is still low. [27] Women using fluconazole during pregnancy have ...
Some people are allergic to azole(s). Some azole drugs have adverse side-effects. Some azole drugs may disrupt estrogen production in pregnancy, affecting pregnancy outcome. [4] [verification needed] Carbimazole should be used judiciously in pregnancy as it crosses the placenta.
In pregnancy, use on the skin or in the vagina is believed to be safe. [2] There is no evidence of harm when used by mouth during pregnancy but this has been less well studied. [2] When used by mouth, greater care should be taken in those with liver problems. [2] It is in the azole class of medications and works by disrupting the fungal cell ...
Itraconazole is a relatively well-tolerated drug (although not as well tolerated as fluconazole or voriconazole) and the range of adverse effects it produces is similar to the other azole antifungals: [22] elevated alanine aminotransferase levels are found in 4% of people taking itraconazole
Isoconazole is an azole antifungal drug and could inhibit gram positive bacteria. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For foot and vaginal infections, isoconazole has a similar effectiveness to clotrimazole . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Isoconazole nitrate may be used in combination with corticosteroid diflucortolone to increase its bioavailability .
Topical nicotinamide and topical zinc are safe, however, there are no FDA pregnancy category ratings. [27] [28] Topical salicylic acid and topical dapsone are classified as FDA pregnancy category C. [23] [28] Acne medications to avoid during pregnancy include oral isotretinoin and topical tazarotene as there have been reports of birth defects.
The search for antifungal agents with acceptable toxicity profiles led first to the discovery of ketoconazole, the first azole-based oral treatment of systemic fungal infections, in the early 1980s. Later, triazoles fluconazole and itraconazole , with a broader spectrum of antifungal activity and improved safety profile were developed.
It has been used for treatment of giardiasis but is not a preferred agent. [6] [7] It is taken by mouth. [5] Mebendazole is usually well tolerated. [5] Common side effects include headache, vomiting, and ringing in the ears. [5] If used at large doses it may cause bone marrow suppression. [5] It is unclear if it is safe in pregnancy.