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  2. Richmann's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmann's_law

    Richmann's law, [1] [2] sometimes referred to as Richmann's rule, [3] Richmann's mixing rule, [4] Richmann's rule of mixture [5] or Richmann's law of mixture, [6] is a physical law for calculating the mixing temperature when pooling multiple bodies. [5]

  3. Rule of mixtures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_mixtures

    In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It provides a theoretical upper- and lower-bound on properties such as the elastic modulus , ultimate tensile strength , thermal conductivity , and electrical conductivity . [ 3 ]

  4. Combining rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combining_rules

    The Lorentz rule was proposed by H. A. Lorentz in 1881: [5] = + The Lorentz rule is only analytically correct for hard sphere systems. Intuitively, since , loosely reflect the radii of particle i and j respectively, their averages can be said to be the effective radii between the two particles at which point repulsive interactions become severe.

  5. Viscosity models for mixtures - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity_models_for_mixtures

    The Wilke mixing rule is capable of describing the correct viscosity behavior of gas mixtures showing a nonlinear and non-monotonical behavior, or showing a characteristic bump shape, when the viscosity is plotted versus mass density at critical temperature, for mixtures containing molecules of very different sizes.

  6. Mixing (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixing_(mathematics)

    The process is called ρ-mixing if these coefficients converge to zero as t → ∞, and “ρ-mixing with exponential decay rate” if ρ t < e −δt for some δ > 0. For a stationary Markov process, the coefficients ρ t may either decay at an exponential rate, or be always equal to one. [3] The α-mixing coefficients of the process {x t} are

  7. Mixing (process engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixing_(process_engineering)

    Mixing of liquids occurs frequently in process engineering. The nature of liquids to blend determines the equipment used. Single-phase blending tends to involve low-shear, high-flow mixers to cause liquid engulfment, while multi-phase mixing generally requires the use of high-shear, low-flow mixers to create droplets of one liquid in laminar, turbulent or transitional flow regimes, depending ...

  8. Why is Israel launching a crackdown in the West Bank after ...

    lite.aol.com/tech/story/0001/20250122/c5eb8ef...

    The Palestinians view such operations and the expansion of settlements as ways of cementing Israeli control over the territory, where 3 million Palestinians live under seemingly open-ended Israeli military rule, with the Western-backed Palestinian Authority administering cities and towns.

  9. Hume-Rothery rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hume-Rothery_rules

    Hume-Rothery rules, named after William Hume-Rothery, are a set of basic rules that describe the conditions under which an element could dissolve in a metal, forming a solid solution. There are two sets of rules; one refers to substitutional solid solutions, and the other refers to interstitial solid solutions.