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Japanese kanji and Chinese logographic characters have been simplified through World War II era simplifications in kanji and China, respectively. There are numerous national standard lists of characters, pronunciations, and forms distinctly defined by Japanese kanji and Chinese writing systems. [ 1 ]
The Dai Kan-Wa Jiten (大漢和辞典, "The Great Chinese–Japanese Dictionary") is a Japanese dictionary of kanji (Chinese characters) compiled by Tetsuji Morohashi. Remarkable for its comprehensiveness and size, Morohashi's dictionary contains over 50,000 character entries and 530,000 compound words.
The "Grade" column specifies the grade in which the kanji is taught in Elementary schools in Japan. Grade "S" means that it is taught in secondary school . The list is sorted by Japanese reading ( on'yomi in katakana , then kun'yomi in hiragana ), in accordance with the ordering in the official Jōyō table.
It was revised as The Kodansha Kanji Dictionary, (Kodansha, 2013), and its abridged Kodansha Kanji Learner's Dictionary. The New Nelson Japanese-English Character Dictionary ( 新版ネルソン漢英辞典 , Tuttle, 1997), edited by John H. Haig, is a complete revision of Nelson's, and includes 7107 characters and 70,000 compounds.
The primary change in the new version is the adoption of the traditional 214 Kangxi radicals as the dictionary's main indexing method. The dictionary also features two additional indices: the Universal Radical Index and the on-kun index. The dictionary uses rōmaji throughout. On-yomi readings of the kanji are denoted by small caps and kun-yomi ...
Conversely, specifying a given kanji, or spelling out a kanji word—whether the pronunciation is known or not—can be complicated, due to the fact that there is not a commonly used standard way to refer to individual kanji (one does not refer to "kanji #237"), and that a given reading does not map to a single kanji—indeed there are many ...
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Due to the requirement that official government documents make use of only jōyō kanji and their readings, several rare characters are also included due to their use in the Constitution of Japan, which was being written at the same time the original 1,850-character tōyō kanji list was compiled. The 2,136 kanji in the jōyō kanji consist of: