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In 1974, The Psychology of Sex Differences was published. It said that men and women behave more similarly than had been previously supposed. They also proposed that children have much power over what gender role they grow into, whether by choosing which parent to imitate, or doing activities such as playing with action figures or dolls. [15]
A gender script is a concept in feminist studies that refers to structures or paths created by societal norms that one is supposed to follow based on the gender assigned to them at birth. The American Psychological Association defines gender script as "a temporally organized, gender-related sequence of events". [ 1 ]
Gender typing is the process by which a child becomes aware of their gender and thus behaves accordingly by adopting values and attributes of members of the sex that they identify as their own. [1] This process is important for a child's social and personality development because it largely impacts the child's understanding of expected social ...
Gender prejudice begins as early as pre-school [citation needed]. Gender typing is extreme in young children where girls may refuse to wear anything but dresses and boys will not play with anything associated with a girl [citation needed]. However, the rigidity ends, and individual differences occur over 10–12 years. [5]
A 2004 study published in the journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology found significantly higher male performance on four visuo-spatial working memory. [4] Another 2010 study published in the journal Brain and Cognition found a male advantage in spatial and object working memory on an n-back test but not for verbal working memory. [5]
Controversial sexologist John Money coined the term gender role, [41] [42] and was the first to use it in print in a scientific trade journal in 1955. [43] [44] In the seminal 1955 paper, he defined it as "all those things that a person says or does to disclose himself or herself as having the status of boy or man, girl or woman." [45]
The term may be used as "an umbrella term, encompassing several gender identities, including intergender, agender, xenogender, genderfluid, and demigender." [ 22 ] Some non-binary identities are inclusive , because two or more genders are referenced, such as androgyne/androgynous, intergender, bigender, trigender, polygender, and pangender.
Gender identity is the personal sense of one's own gender. [1] Gender identity can correlate with a person's assigned sex or can differ from it. In most individuals, the various biological determinants of sex are congruent and consistent with the individual's gender identity. [2]