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A geophyte (earth+plant) is a plant with an underground storage organ including true bulbs, corms, tubers, tuberous roots, enlarged hypocotyls, and rhizomes. Most plants with underground stems are geophytes but not all plants that are geophytes have underground stems. Geophytes are often physiologically active even when they lack leaves.
The stolons are easily recognized when potato plants are grown from seeds. As the plants grow, stolons are produced around the soil surface from the nodes. The tubers form close to the soil surface and sometimes even on top of the ground. When potatoes are cultivated, the tubers are cut into pieces and planted much deeper into the soil.
In the South American Andes, farmers have used terraces, known as andenes, for over a thousand years to farm potatoes, maize, and other native crops. Terraced farming was developed by the Wari culture and other peoples of the south-central Andes before 1000 AD, centuries before they were used by the Inca , who adopted them.
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The advantages of underground farming are that it is independent of the environment above the ground. Thus, a hot or cold climate is more manageable underground. Also, possible air pollution gases can be more easily filtered. There is theoretically much space below ground.
If planting in ground, make sure it’s a well-drained area because potatoes don’t like soggy soil. Next, dig a trench about 8 to 10 inches deep, keeping rows about 12 inches apart. Place the ...
In potatoes, the stolons [15] start to grow within 10 days of plants emerging above ground, with tubers usually beginning to form on the end of the stolons. [16] The tubers are modified stolons [17] that hold food reserves, with a few buds that grow into stems.
An antique spurge plant, Euphorbia antiquorum, sending out white rhizomes. In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (/ ˈ r aɪ z oʊ m / RY-zohm) [note 1] is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. [3] Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and ...
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