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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between the circulatory system and the central nervous system, thus protecting the brain from harmful or unwanted substances in the blood. [1]
Blood-testis barrier, the biological barrier between blood and testes; Blood-placental barrier, the biological barrier between a pregnant individual's blood and foetal blood (blood of one or more foetuses) Blood-CSF barrier, the biological barrier between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; also called brain fluid) Blood–spinal cord barrier ...
Children could be at highest risk from plastic in the brain Because the brain is relatively protected by the blood-brain barrier, there is at least some defense by the body. However, two groups ...
Lead is able to pass through the endothelial cells at the blood brain barrier because it can substitute for calcium ions and be taken up by calcium-ATPase pumps. [202] Lead poisoning interferes with the normal development of a child's brain and nervous system; therefore children are at greater risk of lead neurotoxicity than adults are. [203]
The blood–brain barrier is formed by special tight junctions between endothelial cells lining brain blood vessels. Blood vessels of all tissues contain this monolayer of endothelial cells, however only brain endothelial cells have tight junctions preventing passive diffusion of most substances into the brain tissue. [1]
Lead's ability to imitate calcium allows it to cross the blood–brain barrier. Lead also upregulates glutathione. [44] Blood lead concentrations ≥ 5·0 μg/dL could result in children scoring 3–5 points lower in intelligence tests than those with the concentrations < 5·0 μg/dL .
The human brain is about 60% fat by weight, far more than any other organ. Essential fatty acids, such as omega 3s, are key to the strength and performance of the brain’s cells.
The GLUT1 protein that transports glucose across the blood brain barrier is encoded by the SLC2A1 gene, located on chromosome 1. [8] In GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, one of the two genes is damaged by a mutation and an insufficient amount protein is made. As a result, insufficient glucose is passing the blood brain barrier.