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  2. Limit of a function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_of_a_function

    Although implicit in the development of calculus of the 17th and 18th centuries, the modern idea of the limit of a function goes back to Bolzano who, in 1817, introduced the basics of the epsilon-delta technique (see (ε, δ)-definition of limit below) to define continuous functions. However, his work was not known during his lifetime.

  3. List of limits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_limits

    This is a list of limits for common functions such as elementary functions. In this article, the terms a, b and c are constants with respect to x.

  4. Greek letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_letters_used_in...

    a variation in the calculus of variations; the Kronecker delta function [20] the Feigenbaum constants [21] the force of interest in mathematical finance; the Dirac delta function [22] the receptor which enkephalins have the highest affinity for in pharmacology [23] the Skorokhod integral in Malliavin calculus, a subfield of stochastic analysis

  5. Fundamental theorem of calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Fundamental_theorem_of_calculus

    From the conjecture and the proof of the fundamental theorem of calculus, calculus as a unified theory of integration and differentiation is started. The first published statement and proof of a rudimentary form of the fundamental theorem, strongly geometric in character, [2] was by James Gregory (1638–1675).

  6. Continuous function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_function

    The epsilondelta definition of a limit was introduced to formalize the definition of continuity. Continuity is one of the core concepts of calculus and mathematical analysis, where arguments and values of functions are real and complex numbers. The concept has been generalized to functions between metric spaces and between topological spaces.

  7. Levi-Civita symbol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi-Civita_symbol

    In two dimensions, the Levi-Civita symbol is defined by: = {+ (,) = (,) (,) = (,) = The values can be arranged into a 2 × 2 antisymmetric matrix: = (). Use of the two-dimensional symbol is common in condensed matter, and in certain specialized high-energy topics like supersymmetry [1] and twistor theory, [2] where it appears in the context of 2-spinors.

  8. Glossary of calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_calculus

    Is a subfield of calculus [30] concerned with the study of the rates at which quantities change. It is one of the two traditional divisions of calculus, the other being integral calculus, the study of the area beneath a curve. [31] differential equation Is a mathematical equation that relates some function with its derivatives. In applications ...

  9. Nonstandard analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonstandard_analysis

    The standard way to resolve these debates is to define the operations of calculus using limits rather than infinitesimals. Nonstandard analysis [1] [2] [3] instead reformulates the calculus using a logically rigorous notion of infinitesimal numbers. Nonstandard analysis originated in the early 1960s by the mathematician Abraham Robinson. [4] [5 ...