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This dimensionless chart is used to work out pressure drop, (Pa) (or head loss, (m)) and flow rate through pipes. Head loss can be calculated using the Darcy–Weisbach equation in which the Darcy friction factor f D {\displaystyle f_{D}} appears :
Δh = The head loss due to pipe friction over the given length of pipe (SI units: m); [b] g = The local acceleration due to gravity (m/s 2). It is useful to present head loss per length of pipe (dimensionless): = =, where L is the pipe length (m).
After both minor losses and friction losses have been calculated, these values can be summed to find the total head loss. Equation for total head loss, , can be simplified and rewritten as: = [() + (,)] [5] = Frictional head loss = Downstream velocity = Gravity of Earth
The following table gives flow rate Q such that friction loss per unit length Δp / L (SI kg / m 2 / s 2) is 0.082, 0.245, and 0.816, respectively, for a variety of nominal duct sizes. The three values chosen for friction loss correspond to, in US units inch water column per 100 feet, 0.01, .03, and 0.1.
This can be used to calculate mean values (expectations) of the flow rates, head losses or any other variables of interest in the pipe network. This analysis has been extended using a reduced-parameter entropic formulation, which ensures consistency of the analysis regardless of the graphical representation of the network. [ 3 ]
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4. The total clockwise head loss in loop 1-2-3 is =. The total clockwise head loss in loop 2-3-4 is =. 5. The value of is determined for each loop. It is found to be 60 in both loops (due to symmetry), as shown in the figure. 6.
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