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An Array is a JavaScript object prototyped from the Array constructor ... that is "class" methods.) ... // displays 8 // Adding a number and a string results in ...
The Object class is the root of the class hierarchy, so that its methods and attributes are available for all instantiated objects of each class. The Class class (a.k.a. meta class) is used to maintain the properties of a class (like its method objects) and gets used for creating instances (a.k.a. objects, values).
For function that manipulate strings, modern object-oriented languages, like C# and Java have immutable strings and return a copy (in newly allocated dynamic memory), while others, like C manipulate the original string unless the programmer copies data to a new string.
In addition to support for vectorized arithmetic and relational operations, these languages also vectorize common mathematical functions such as sine. For example, if x is an array, then y = sin (x) will result in an array y whose elements are sine of the corresponding elements of the array x. Vectorized index operations are also supported.
Both take one argument that specifies the formatting of the output, and any number of arguments that provide the values to be formatted. Variadic functions can expose type-safety problems in some languages. For instance, C's printf, if used incautiously, can give rise to a class of security holes known as format string attacks.
^d JavaScript's array are a special kind of object. ^e The DEPENDING ON clause in COBOL does not create a true variable length array and will always allocate the maximum size of the array. Other types
Augmented assignment (or compound assignment) is the name given to certain assignment operators in certain programming languages (especially those derived from C).An augmented assignment is generally used to replace a statement where an operator takes a variable as one of its arguments and then assigns the result back to the same variable.
A simple dynamic array can be constructed by allocating an array of fixed-size, typically larger than the number of elements immediately required. The elements of the dynamic array are stored contiguously at the start of the underlying array, and the remaining positions towards the end of the underlying array are reserved, or unused.