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Shear and Bending moment diagram for a simply supported beam with a concentrated load at mid-span. Shear force and bending moment diagrams are analytical tools used in conjunction with structural analysis to help perform structural design by determining the value of shear forces and bending moments at a given point of a structural element such as a beam.
A stiffer beam (high modulus of elasticity and/or one of higher second moment of area) creates less deflection. Mathematical methods for determining the beam forces (internal forces of the beam and the forces that are imposed on the beam support) include the "moment distribution method", the force or flexibility method and the direct stiffness ...
A M/EI diagram is a moment diagram divided by the beam's Young's modulus and moment of inertia. To make use of this comparison we will now consider a beam having the same length as the real beam, but referred here as the "conjugate beam." The conjugate beam is "loaded" with the M/EI diagram derived from the load on the real beam.
Timber framing (German: Fachwerkbauweise) and "post-and-beam" construction are traditional methods of building with heavy timbers, creating structures using squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs.
[6] [a] Sometimes a Palladian truss is defined as a compound truss with a queen post and king post truss in the same assembly. [7] The queen post truss and the king post truss may be combined, by using the straining beam of the queen post truss as the tie beam for a king post truss above. [8] Such combinations are known as compound trusses.
Simply supported beam with a single eccentric concentrated load. An illustration of the Macaulay method considers a simply supported beam with a single eccentric concentrated load as shown in the adjacent figure. The first step is to find . The reactions at the supports A and C are determined from the balance of forces and moments as
The deflection of beam elements is usually calculated on the basis of the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation while that of a plate or shell element is calculated using plate or shell theory. An example of the use of deflection in this context is in building construction. Architects and engineers select materials for various applications.
Crown – A post on a tie beam or collar beam carrying a crown plate. [26] Crown strut: A piece similar to a crown post but not carrying a plate. [27] Ashlar – or ashlar piece: Short post from a tie beam to a rafter near a masonry wall. [28] Purlin – A post supporting a purlin plate, may be plumb or leaning (canted).