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The basic principles of cross-impact analysis date back to the late 1960s, but the original processes were relatively simple and were based on a game design. [1] Eventually, advanced techniques, methodologies, and programs were developed to apply the principles of cross-impact analysis, and the basic method is now applied in futures think tanks, business settings, and the intelligence community.
It is required to perform all tasks by assigning exactly one agent to each task in such a way that the maximum cost among the individual assignments is minimized. The term " bottleneck " is explained by a common type of application of the problem, where the cost is the duration of the task performed by an agent.
The relative strength of two systems of formal logic can be defined via model theory. Specifically, a logic α {\displaystyle \alpha } is said to be as strong as a logic β {\displaystyle \beta } if every elementary class in β {\displaystyle \beta } is an elementary class in α {\displaystyle \alpha } .
Otherwise, it is called unbalanced assignment. [1] If the total cost of the assignment for all tasks is equal to the sum of the costs for each agent (or the sum of the costs for each task, which is the same thing in this case), then the problem is called linear assignment.
This represents the value (or values) of the argument x in the interval (−∞,−1] that minimizes (or minimize) the objective function x 2 + 1 (the actual minimum value of that function is not what the problem asks for). In this case, the answer is x = −1, since x = 0 is infeasible, that is, it does not belong to the feasible set. Similarly,
In mathematics, the moving sofa problem or sofa problem is a two-dimensional idealization of real-life furniture-moving problems and asks for the rigid two-dimensional shape of the largest area that can be maneuvered through an L-shaped planar region with legs of unit width. [1] The area thus obtained is referred to as the sofa constant.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 January 2025. Observation that in many real-life datasets, the leading digit is likely to be small For the unrelated adage, see Benford's law of controversy. The distribution of first digits, according to Benford's law. Each bar represents a digit, and the height of the bar is the percentage of ...
The strength of materials is determined using various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as beams, columns, and shafts. The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its susceptibility to various failure modes takes into account the properties of the materials such as its yield strength, ultimate strength, Young's modulus ...