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It is particularly notable as the habitat of the Komodo dragon, the largest lizard on Earth, which is named after the island. Komodo Island has a surface area of 291 square kilometres, and had a human population of about 1,800 in 2020. Komodo is part of the Lesser Sunda chain of islands and forms part of the Komodo National Park.
Komodo Island was declared a nature reserve in 1965, [4] and in January 1977 as a biosphere reserve under the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve Programme. [4] [3] In 1980 the islands of Komodo, Padar, Rinca [5] and Gili Motong and the surrounding waters were declared a national park, for a total of 75,000 ha.
The island, volcanic in origin, is approximately 30 km 2 (12 mi 2) in area. Home to a small population of about 100 Komodo dragons , Gili Motang is part of Komodo National Park . [ 1 ] In 1991 as part of the national park, Gili Motang was accepted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site .
Rinca [a] is a small island near Komodo and Flores island, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, within the West Manggarai Regency. It is one of the three largest islands included in Komodo National Park. The island is famous for Komodo dragons, giant lizards that can measure up to 3 metres (9.8 ft
The Lesser Sunda Islands differ from the large islands of Java or Sumatra in consisting of many small islands, sometimes divided by deep oceanic trenches. Movement of flora and fauna between islands is limited, leading to the evolution of a high rate of localized species, most famously the Komodo dragon. [5]
The Komodo dragon is also sometimes known as the Komodo monitor or the Komodo Island monitor in scientific literature, [14] although these names are uncommon. To the natives of Komodo Island , it is referred to as ora , buaya darat ('land crocodile'), or biawak raksasa ('giant monitor').
It is the third-largest island in Komodo National Park. The Komodo archipelago is famous for Komodo dragons , giant lizards that can reach up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length. While the neighboring islands of Komodo and Rinca are home to these iconic lizards, Komodo dragons were once considered extinct on Padar.
The Komodo Biosphere Reserve and National Park is situated between Flores and Sumbawa in Indonesia. It is renowned for its population of about 5,000 giant lizards, called ' Komodo dragons ' ( Varanus komodoensis ).