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Confucius was educated at schools for commoners, where he studied and learned the Six Arts. [21] Confucius was born into the class of shi (士), between the aristocracy and the common people. He is said to have worked in various government jobs during his early 20s, and as a bookkeeper and a caretaker of sheep and horses, using the proceeds to ...
The Way of the Gods according to the Confucian Tradition (Chinese: 儒宗神教 Rúzōng Shénjiào), also called the Luandao (鸾道 "Phoenix Way" or 鸾门 Luánmén, "Phoenix Gate") [1] or Luanism (鸾教 Luánjiào) [2] or—from the name of its cell congregations—the phoenix halls or phoenix churches (鸾堂 luántáng), is a Confucian congregational religious movement of the Chinese ...
Shangdi (Chinese: 上帝; pinyin: Shàngdì; Wade–Giles: Shang 4 Ti 4), also called simply Di (Chinese: 帝; pinyin: Dì; lit. 'God'), [1] is the name of the Chinese Highest Deity or "Lord Above" in the theology of the classical texts, especially deriving from Shang theology and finding an equivalent in the later Tiān ("Heaven" or "Great Whole") of Zhou theology.
The deity system with God as the supreme deity is the belief system of Religious Confucianism. God was originally the ancestral god of the past. The Confucians of the Song Dynasty described Heaven, Reason, and Emperor (God) as concepts of the same reality and different names, but only changed the concept of God, not the essence of God as the ...
Confucius considered himself a transmitter of cultural values inherited from the Xia (c. 2070–1600 BC), Shang (c. 1600–1046 BC), and Western Zhou (c. 1046–771 BC) dynasties. [3] Confucianism was suppressed during the Legalist and autocratic Qin dynasty (221–206 BC), but survived.
Water gods and xian were often thought to ensure good grain harvests, mild weather and seas, and rivers with abundant water. [37] Some xian were thought to be humans who gained power by drinking "charmed water". [36] Some gods were based on previously existing Taoist immortals, bodhisattvas, or historical figures. [38]
In Confucianism, the Sangang Wuchang (Chinese: 三綱五常; pinyin: Sāngāng Wǔcháng), sometimes translated as the Three Fundamental Bonds and Five Constant Virtues or the Three Guiding Principles and Five Constant Regulations, [1] or more simply "bonds and virtues" (gāngcháng 綱常), are the three most important human relationships and the five most important virtues.
Wang Yangming – important Idealist Neo-Confucian. [1] Zhang Zai – pioneering Neo-Confucian. [2] Zhou Dunyi – Song Dynasty philosopher. [3] Zhu Xi – one of the leading Neo-Confucians of the Song Dynasty. [4] Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi also called the cheng Brother's Students of Zhou dunyi works collected by zhu xi [5] [6]