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For example, an oligonucleotide of six nucleotides (nt) is a hexamer, while one of 25 nt would usually be called a "25-mer". Oligonucleotides readily bind, in a sequence-specific manner, to their respective complementary oligonucleotides, DNA, or RNA to form duplexes or, less often, hybrids of a higher order.
Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical synthesis of relatively short fragments of nucleic acids with defined chemical structure ().The technique is extremely useful in current laboratory practice because it provides a rapid and inexpensive access to custom-made oligonucleotides of the desired sequence.
Antisense RNA (asRNA), also referred to as antisense transcript, [1] natural antisense transcript (NAT) [2] [3] [4] or antisense oligonucleotide, [5] is a single stranded RNA that is complementary to a protein coding messenger RNA (mRNA) with which it hybridizes, and thereby blocks its translation into protein.
Antisense therapy is a form of treatment that uses antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to target messenger RNA (mRNA). ASOs are capable of altering mRNA expression through a variety of mechanisms, including ribonuclease H mediated decay of the pre-mRNA, direct steric blockage, and exon content modulation through splicing site binding on pre-mRNA. [1]
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA). RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are nucleic acids.
Anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (also known as AMOs) have many uses in cellular mechanics. These synthetically designed molecules are used to neutralize microRNA ( miRNA ) function in cells for desired responses. miRNA are complementary sequences (≈22 bp) to mRNA that are involved in the cleavage of RNA or the suppression of the translation . [ 1 ]
Segment of a Morpholino-RNA heteroduplex, 8-mer shown. A Morpholino, also known as a Morpholino oligomer and as a phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomer (PMO), is a type of oligomer molecule (colloquially, an oligo) used in molecular biology to modify gene expression.
Gapmer antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have the potential to cause unintended, off-target effects. These off-target effects are produced when the gapmer binds to mRNA with a sufficient degree of complementarity to the target mRNA, blocking or down-regulating the translation of unintended proteins. [ 12 ]
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