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Trinitrotoluene (/ ˌ t r aɪ ˌ n aɪ t r oʊ ˈ t ɒ lj u iː n /), [5] [6] more commonly known as TNT (and more specifically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and by its preferred IUPAC name 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene), [1] is a chemical compound with the formula C 6 H 2 (NO 2) 3 CH 3. TNT is occasionally used as a reagent in chemical synthesis ...
Octanitrocubane (molecular formula: C 8 (NO 2) 8) is a proposed high explosive that, like TNT, is shock-insensitive (not readily detonated by shock). [1] The octanitrocubane molecule has the same chemical structure as cubane (C 8 H 8) except that each of the eight hydrogen atoms is replaced by a nitro group (NO 2).
A molecule is said to have a positive oxygen balance if it contains more oxygen than is needed and a negative oxygen balance if it contains less oxygen than is needed. [2] An explosive with a negative oxygen balance will lead to incomplete combustion, which commonly produces carbon monoxide, which is a toxic gas. Explosives with negative or ...
A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8 ft) on a side. The "megaton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 petajoules (4.184 × 10 15 J). [7] The kiloton and megaton of TNT equivalent have traditionally been used to describe the energy output, and hence the destructive power, of a nuclear weapon.
Only one equation of state will not be sufficient to reconstitute the fundamental equation. All equations of state will be needed to fully characterize the thermodynamic system. Note that what is commonly called "the equation of state" is just the "mechanical" equation of state involving the Helmholtz potential and the volume:
Six positional isomers are possible for dinitrotoluene. The most common one is 2,4-dinitrotoluene. The nitration of toluene gives sequentially mononitrotoluene, DNT, and finally TNT. 2,4-DNT is the principal product from dinitration, the other main product being about 30% 1,3-DN2-T.
The net explosive quantity (NEQ), also known as net explosive content (NEC) or net explosive weight (NEW), of a shipment of munitions, fireworks or similar products is the total mass of the contained explosive substances, without the packaging, casings, bullets etc. [1] It also includes the mass of the TNT-equivalent of all contained energetic substances.
TNT is added to create T-ammonal which improves properties such as brisance. The mixture is often referred to as Tannerite, which is a brand of ammonal. The ammonium nitrate functions as an oxidizer and the aluminium as fuel. The use of the relatively cheap ammonium nitrate and aluminium makes it a replacement for pure TNT.