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The 100-ton gun (also known as the Armstrong 100-ton gun) [6] was a British coastal defense gun and is the world's largest black powder cannon. It was a 17.72-inch (450 mm) rifled muzzle-loading (RML) gun made by Elswick Ordnance Company, the armaments division of the British manufacturing company Armstrong Whitworth, owned by William Armstrong.
The British installed a second pair of 100-ton guns to defend Gibraltar, mounting one each in Victoria Battery (1879) and Napier of Magdala Battery (1883), which did not have Cambridge or Rinella's self-defence capabilities. The gun at Cambridge was eventually scrapped, and today only two 100-ton guns survive, at Rinella and Napier of Magdala.
The crew at Napier managed to fire a shot every 2.5 minutes, but this ended up cracking the barrel. The wrecked gun was not repairable so the British moved the gun from Victoria to Napier, which was a higher site. The 100-ton guns were the heaviest built and the last gun was considered obsolete sixteen years after the guns' first operations. [6]
In 1883 the British Government installed a single 100-ton gun: a 450 mm rifled muzzle-loading (RML) gun made by Armstrong Whitworth, at the battery by Rosia Bay that they named Napier of Magdala Battery after Field Marshal Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala, who had served as Governor of Gibraltar from 1876 to 1883.
In 2010 Malta and Gibraltar jointly issued a four-stamp set of stamps featuring the two jurisdictions' 100-ton guns. Two stamps show the gun at Fort Rinella, and two the gun at Napier of Magdala Battery. One of each pair is a view from 1882, and the other is a view from 2010.
RBL 7-inch Armstrong gun; RBL 12-pounder 8 cwt Armstrong gun; RBL 20-pounder Armstrong gun; RBL 40-pounder Armstrong gun; RML 2.5-inch mountain gun; RML 6.6-inch howitzer; RML 7-inch gun; RML 7-pounder mountain gun; RML 8-inch 9-ton gun; RML 8-inch howitzer; RML 9-inch Armstrong Gun; RML 9-inch 12-ton gun; RML 9-pounder 8 and 6 cwt guns; RML 10 ...
The first Armstrong Whitworth car was the 28/36 of 1906 with a water-cooled, four-cylinder side-valve engine of 4.5 litres which unusually had "oversquare" dimensions of 120 mm (4.7 in) bore and 100 mm (3.9 in) stroke. Drive was via a four-speed gearbox and shaft to the rear wheels.
RML 12 inch 25 ton gun United Kingdom: 1860s - 1870s 305 mm (12.0 in) RML 12 inch 35 ton gun United Kingdom: 1870s 305 mm (12.0 in) BL 12 inch naval gun Mk I - VII United Kingdom: 1880s - 1890s 305 mm (12.0 in) BL 12 inch naval gun Mk VIII United Kingdom: 1890s - 1910s 305 mm (12.0 in) BL 12 inch Mk X Vickers 45-caliber United Kingdom