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The antiestrogen withdrawal response is a paradoxical improvement in breast cancer caused by discontinuation of antiestrogen therapy for ... tamoxifen and raloxifene ...
Tamoxifen, sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and men. [13] It is also being studied for other types of cancer. [13] It has been used for Albright syndrome. [14] Tamoxifen is typically taken daily by mouth for five years for breast cancer. [14]
Tamoxifen is currently first-line treatment for nearly all pre-menopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. [1] Raloxifene is another partial agonist SERM which does not seem to promote endometrial cancer , and is used primarily for chemoprevention of breast cancer in high-risk individuals, as well as to prevent osteoporosis ...
Moreover, breast cancer risk is heightened following use of the combined oral contraceptive pill and combined hormone replacement therapy. [4] Armed with this evidence that endogenous and exogenous changes in estrogen and progesterone levels modulate the risk of breast cancer, it is apparent that hormones can play a key role in breast cancer.
The Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) is a clinical trial from the early 2000s designed determine how the drug raloxifene compares with the drug tamoxifen in reducing the incidence of breast cancer in women who are at increased risk of the disease.
N-Desmethyltamoxifen (developmental code name ICI-55,548) is a major metabolite of tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). [1] [2] N-Desmethyltamoxifen is further metabolized into endoxifen (4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen), which is thought to be the major active form of tamoxifen in the body.
Basal cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer, per the Mayo Clinic. It begins in basal cells, a type of cell found in the skin. Typically basal cell carcinoma takes form as a bump on the skin and ...
The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) is an open-access database of medical images for cancer research. The site is funded by the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Cancer Imaging Program, and the contract is operated by the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Data within the archive is organized into collections which typically share a ...