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F-waves are evoked by strong electrical stimuli (supramaximal) applied to the skin surface above the distal portion of a nerve. [3] This impulse travels both in orthodromic fashion (towards the muscle fibers) and antidromic fashion (towards the cell body in the spinal cord) along the alpha motor neuron.
A Wiggers diagram modified from [1]. A Wiggers diagram, named after its developer, Carl Wiggers, is a unique diagram that has been used in teaching cardiac physiology for more than a century.
The vascular angle, which is also called Buerger's angle, is the angle to which the leg has to be raised before it becomes pale, whilst lying down. In a limb with a normal circulation the toes and sole of the foot, stay pink, even when the limb is raised by 90 degrees.
Chronaxie is the tissue-excitability parameter that permits choice of the optimum stimulus pulse duration for stimulation of any excitable tissue. Chronaxie (c) is the Lapicque descriptor of the stimulus pulse duration for a current of twice rheobasic (b) strength, which is the threshold current for an infinitely long-duration stimulus pulse.
The first pulse closest to the wrist is the cun (inch, 寸) position, the second guan (gate, 關), and the third pulse position furthest away from the wrist is the chi (foot, 尺). There are two main systems of diagnostic interpretation of pulse findings utilised in the Chinese medicine system.
On inspection the clinician looks for signs of: trauma; previous surgery ()muscle wasting/muscle asymmetry; edema (swelling) erythema (redness); ulcers – arterial ulcers tend to be on the borders / sides of the foot, neuropathic ulcers on the plantar surface of the foot, venous ulcers tend on be on the medial aspect of the leg superior to the medial malleolus.
He also recommends having both feet on the ground and yours eyes closed during the reading. Regarding ideal numbers, the famous M.D. says: "Your blood pressure is supposed to be under 140 over 90 ...
The pulse is the rate at which the heart beats while pumping blood through the arteries, recorded as beats per minute (bpm). [11] It may also be called "heart rate". In addition to providing the heart rate, the pulse should also be evaluated for strength and obvious rhythm abnormalities. [11] The pulse is commonly taken at the wrist (radial ...