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Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was an English [1] [2] [3] naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator. [4] He independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection; his 1858 paper on the subject was published that year alongside extracts from Charles Darwin's earlier writings on the topic.
However, he spelt out the details of Natural Selection to Lyell, who found the idea hard to accept but urged Darwin to publish to establish priority. [2] On 14 May 1856 Darwin began what became his draft for a book titled Natural Selection. Wallace collected specimens and corresponded with Darwin from Borneo.
The Wallace line or Wallace's line is a faunal boundary line drawn in 1859 by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace and named by the English biologist T.H. Huxley. It separates the biogeographical realms of Asia and ' Wallacea ', a transitional zone between Asia and Australia formerly also called the Malay Archipelago and the Indo ...
Zoogeography is the branch of the science of biogeography that is concerned with geographic distribution (present and past) of animal species. [ 1 ] As a multifaceted field of study, zoogeography incorporates methods of molecular biology, genetics, morphology, phylogenetics , and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to delineate evolutionary ...
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. [1] Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the ...
[2] The speculation that continents might have "drifted" was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. A pioneer of the modern view of mobilism was the Austrian geologist Otto Ampferer. [3] [4] The concept was independently and more fully developed by Alfred Wegener in his 1915 publication, "The Origin of Continents and Oceans". [5]
The northern boundary of this zone is known as the Wallace Line. Indomalaya: 7.5 2.9 The Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, southern China and most of the Greater Sunda Islands. Oceania: 1.0 0.39 Polynesia (except New Zealand), Micronesia, and the Fijian Islands. Antarctic: 0.3 0.12 Antarctica, Alexander Island, South Georgia and the South ...
This page features a list of biogeographic provinces that were developed by Miklos Udvardy in 1975, [1] [2] later modified by other authors. [according to whom?] Biogeographic Province is a biotic subdivision of biogeographic realms subdivided into ecoregions, which are classified based on their biomes or habitat types and, on this page, correspond to the floristic kingdoms of botany.