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  2. Sedimentary rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock

    Uluru (Ayers Rock) is a large sandstone formation in Northern Territory, Australia.. Sedimentary rocks can be subdivided into four groups based on the processes responsible for their formation: clastic sedimentary rocks, biochemical (biogenic) sedimentary rocks, chemical sedimentary rocks, and a fourth category for "other" sedimentary rocks formed by impacts, volcanism, and other minor processes.

  3. Chert - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chert

    Chert (/ tʃ ɜːr t /) is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, [1] the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO 2). [2] Chert is characteristically of biological origin, but may also occur inorganically as a chemical precipitate or a diagenetic replacement, as in petrified wood.

  4. Flint - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint

    Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, [1] [2] categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone. Historically, flint was widely used to make stone tools and start fires. Flint occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in sedimentary rocks, such as chalks and limestones.

  5. Phosphorite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorite

    Phosphorite, phosphate rock or rock phosphate is a non-detrital sedimentary rock that contains high amounts of phosphate minerals. The phosphate content of phosphorite (or grade of phosphate rock) varies greatly, from 4% [1] to 20% phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5). Marketed phosphate rock is enriched ("beneficiated") to at least 28%, often more ...

  6. Conglomerate (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conglomerate_(geology)

    Conglomerate (/ k ən ˈ ɡ l ɒ m ər ɪ t /) is a sedimentary rock made up of rounded gravel-sized pieces of rock surrounded by finer-grained sediments (such as sand, silt, or clay). The larger fragments within conglomerate are called clasts, while the finer sediment surrounding the clasts is called the matrix.

  7. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

    The proportion of silica in rocks and minerals is a major factor in determining their names and properties. [7] Rock outcrop along a mountain creek near Orosí, Costa Rica. Rocks are classified according to characteristics such as mineral and chemical composition, permeability, texture of the constituent particles, and particle size.

  8. Feldspar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldspar

    Sedimentary rocks that contain large amounts of feldspar indicate that the sediment did not undergo much chemical weathering before being buried. This means it was probably transported a short distance in cold and/or dry conditions that did not promote weathering, and that it was quickly buried by other sediment. [ 34 ]

  9. Quartzite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartzite

    Such sedimentary rock has come to be described as orthoquartzite to distinguish it from metamorphic quartzite, which is sometimes called metaquartzite to emphasize its metamorphic origins. [3] [4] Quartzite is very resistant to chemical weathering and often forms ridges and resistant hilltops.