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Through several studies, the Th1 and Th2 cytokines and cytokine mRNA are both detectable in tonsillar hypertrophy (or obstructive sleep apnea, OSA) and recurrent tonsillitis groups. It showed that human palatine tonsil is an active immunological organ containing a wide range of cytokine-producing cells.
Adenoid hypertrophy, also known as enlarged adenoids refers to an enlargement of the adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil) that is linked to nasopharyngeal mechanical blockage and/or chronic inflammation. [1] Adenoid hypertrophy is a characterized by hearing loss , recurrent otitis media , mucopurulent rhinorrhea , chronic mouth breathing , nasal airway ...
In anatomy, the pharyngeal tonsil, also known as the nasopharyngeal tonsil or adenoid, is the superior-most of the tonsils. It is a mass of lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity , in the roof and the posterior wall of the nasopharynx , [ 1 ] where the nose blends into the throat .
The differential diagnosis must be established with acute and chronic tonsillitis, tonsillar hypertrophy, peritonsillar abscesses, foreign bodies, phlebolites, ectopic bone or cartilage, lymph nodes, granulomatous lesions or calcification of the stylohyoid ligament in the context of Eagle syndrome (elongated styloid process). [18]
474 Chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids. 474.1 Hypertrophy of tonsils and adenoids. 474.11 Tonsillar hypertrophy alone; 474.9 Tonsil/adenoid disease, chronic, unspec. 475 Peritonsillar abscess; 476 Chronic laryngitis and laryngotracheitis. 476.0 Laryngitis, chronic; 477 Allergic rhinitis. 477.0 Rhinitis, allergic, due to pollen; 477.2 ...
Tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure in which both palatine tonsils are fully removed from the back of the throat. [1] The procedure is mainly performed for recurrent tonsillitis, throat infections and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). [1]
The tonsils are a set of lymphoid organs facing into the aerodigestive tract, which is known as Waldeyer's tonsillar ring and consists of the adenoid tonsil (or pharyngeal tonsil), two tubal tonsils, two palatine tonsils, and the lingual tonsils. These organs play an important role in the immune system.
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils in the upper part of the throat. It can be acute or chronic. [8] [9] [2] Acute tonsillitis typically has a rapid onset. [10] Symptoms may include sore throat, fever, enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, and enlarged lymph nodes around the neck. [1] [2] Complications include peritonsillar ...