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The placenta (pl.: placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation.It plays critical roles in facilitating nutrient, gas and waste exchange between the physically separate maternal and fetal circulations, and is an important endocrine organ, producing hormones that regulate both maternal and fetal ...
The placenta functions as the exchange site of nutrients and wastes between the maternal and fetal circulation. [3] Water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and inorganic salts freely diffuse across the placenta along with oxygen.
Placentation is the formation, type and structure, or modes of arrangement of the placenta.The function of placentation is to transfer nutrients, respiratory gases, and water from maternal tissue to a growing embryo, and in some instances to remove waste from the embryo.
Image showing trophoblast differentiated into the two layers of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast during implantation. It is the outer layer of the trophoblasts and actively invades the uterine wall, during implantation, rupturing maternal capillaries and thus establishing an interface between maternal blood and embryonic extracellular fluid, facilitating passive exchange of material ...
Trophoblasts are specialized cells of the placenta that play an important role in embryo implantation and interaction with the decidualized maternal uterus. [5] The core of placental villi contain mesenchymal cells and placental blood vessels that are directly connected to the fetus’ circulation via the umbilical cord.
The amnion and the chorion are the chorioamniotic membranes that make up the amniotic sac which surrounds and protects the embryo. [2] The fetal membranes are four of six accessory organs developed by the conceptus that are not part of the embryo itself, the other two are the placenta, and the umbilical cord. [1]
[2] The umbilical arteries are actually the anterior division of the internal iliac arteries, and retain part of this function after birth. [3] The umbilical arteries are one of two arteries in the human body, that carry deoxygenated blood, the other being the pulmonary arteries. The pressure inside the umbilical artery is approximately 50 mmHg ...
Their main function is remodelling the uterine spiral arteries, to achieve an increase in the spiral artery diameter of from four to six times. This changes them from high-resistance low-flow vessels into large dilated vessels that provide good perfusion, and oxygenation to the developing placenta.