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Allan Paivio's dual-coding theory is a basis of picture superiority effect. Paivio claims that pictures have advantages over words with regards to coding and retrieval of stored memory because pictures are coded more easily and can be retrieved from symbolic mode, while the dual coding process using words is more difficult for both coding and retrieval.
Many dictionaries have been digitized from their print versions and are available at online libraries. Some online dictionaries are organized as lists of words, similar to a glossary, while others offer search features, reverse lookups, and additional language tools and content such as verb conjugations, grammar references, and discussion ...
A thesaurus (pl.: thesauri or thesauruses), sometimes called a synonym dictionary or dictionary of synonyms, is a reference work which arranges words by their meanings (or in simpler terms, a book where one can find different words with similar meanings to other words), [1] [2] sometimes as a hierarchy of broader and narrower terms, sometimes simply as lists of synonyms and antonyms.
For example, in written text each symbol or letter conveys information relevant to the word it is part of, each word conveys information relevant to the phrase it is part of, each phrase conveys information relevant to the sentence it is part of, and so on until at the final step information is interpreted and becomes knowledge in a given domain.
Picture dictionaries are often organized by topic instead of being an alphabetic list of words, and almost always include only a small corpus of words. A similar but distinct concept is the visual dictionary, [1] which is composed of a series of large, labelled images, allowing the user to find the name of a specific component of a larger object.
Charles Joseph Minard's Carte Figurative illustrates facts related to Napoleon's 1812 Russian campaign. Visual literacy is the ability to interpret , negotiate, and make meaning from information presented in the form of an image , extending the meaning of literacy , which commonly signifies interpretation of a written or printed text .
A similar phrase, "One Look Is Worth A Thousand Words", appears in a 1913 newspaper advertisement for the Piqua Auto Supply House of Piqua, Ohio. [4] Early use of the exact phrase appears in a 1918 newspaper advertisement for the San Antonio Light, which says: One of the Nation's Greatest Editors Says: One Picture is Worth a Thousand Words
Core vocabulary (the most common 2,000-3,000 English words) needs to be heavily stressed in language teaching. There is no point in presenting exotic vocabulary until students have mastered basic, high-frequency words. Learners should be tested on high-frequency word lists for passive knowledge, active production and listening comprehension.