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Acetonitrile is used mainly as a solvent in the purification of butadiene in refineries. Specifically, acetonitrile is fed into the top of a distillation column filled with hydrocarbons including butadiene, and as the acetonitrile falls down through the column, it absorbs the butadiene which is then sent from the bottom of the tower to a second separating tower.
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Bis(acetonitrile)palladium dichloride is the coordination complex with the formula PdCl 2 (NCCH 3) 2. It is the adduct of two acetonitrile ligands with palladium(II) chloride. It is a yellow-brown solid that is soluble in organic solvents. The compound is a reagent and a catalyst for reactions that require soluble Pd(II). [1]
Typical nitrile ligands are acetonitrile, propionitrile, and benzonitrile.The structures of [Ru(NH 3) 5 (NCPh)] n+ have been determined for the 2+ and 3+ oxidation states. Upon oxidation the Ru-NH 3 distances contract and the Ru-NCPh distances elongate, consistent with amines serving as pure-sigma donor ligands and nitriles functioning as pi-acceptors.
Tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate can be prepared starting from nitrosyl tetrafluoroborate, which is obtained from dinitrogen tetroxide and tetrafluoroboric acid. The nitrosyl salt is then reacted with metallic copper in acetonitrile , initially producing a green-blue copper(II) complex.
A colorless liquid, it is derived from acetonitrile (CH 3 CN) by replacement of one H with Cl. In practice, it is produced by dehydration of chloroacetamide. [1] The compound is an alkylating agent, [2] and as such is handled cautiously. Chloroacetonitrile is also generated in situ by the reaction of acetonitrile with sulfur monochloride.
The acetonitrile ligands protect the Cu + ion from oxidation to Cu 2+, but are rather poorly bound: with other counterions, the complex forms di-[1] and tri-acetonitrilo [6] complexes and is also a useful source of unbound Cu(I). [5] Water-immiscible organic nitriles have been shown to selectively extract Cu(I) from aqueous chloride solutions. [7]
Trichloroacetonitrile can be obtained by chlorination of acetonitrile on a zinc, copper and alkaline earth metal halide-impregnated activated carbon catalyst at 200–400 °C with a 54% yield. [ 3 ] The high temperatures required by this process favours the formation of byproducts, such as tetrachloromethane .