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The role of parents in a child's development is acknowledged by attachment theory, which argues that the characteristics of the caregiver-child relationship impact future relationships. Current research indicates that parent-child relationships characterized by less affection and greater hostility may result in children developing emotional ...
Specifically, basic hostility pertains to a sense of anger and betrayal that a child feels towards his parents for their failure to provide a secure environment. [2] Horney associated this concept with "basic anxiety", citing that the two are inseparably interwoven and are both offshoots of the "basic evil" of parental mistreatment. [3]
Dysfunctional families are primarily a result of two adults, one typically overtly abusive and the other codependent, and may also be affected by substance abuse or other forms of addiction, or sometimes by an untreated mental illness. Parents having grown up in a dysfunctional family may over-correct or emulate their own parents.
[2] This behavior is usually targeted toward peers, parents, teachers, and other authority figures, including law enforcement officials. [3] Unlike conduct disorder (CD), those with ODD do not generally show patterns of aggression towards random people, violence against animals, destruction of property, theft, or deceit. [ 4 ]
Studies have shown that in children between ages 13–14 who bully or show aggressive behaviour towards others exhibit anti-social behaviours in their early adulthood. [13] There are strong statistical relationships that show this significant association between childhood aggressiveness and anti-social behaviours. [13]
To avoid anger and punishment, children of abusive parents often resort to complying with their parent's every demand. [12] This affects both the child's well-being and ability to make logical decisions on their own, and as adults, such individuals often lack self-confidence and the ability to gain
Research indicates that the more children are physically punished, the more likely they will be as adults to act violently towards family members, including intimate partners. [163] People who are spanked more as children are more likely as adults to approve of hitting a partner, and also experience more marital conflict and feelings of anger ...
Covert incest is described as occurring when a parent is unable or unwilling to maintain a relationship with another adult and forces the emotional role of a spouse onto their child instead. [3] The child's needs are ignored and instead the relationship exists solely to meet the needs of the parent [ 1 ] [ 6 ] and the adult may not be aware of ...