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Central diabetes insipidus, recently renamed arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D), [1] is a form of diabetes insipidus that is due to a lack of vasopressin (ADH) production in the brain. Vasopressin acts to increase the volume of blood (intravascularly), and decrease the volume of urine produced.
The number of new cases of diabetes insipidus each year is 3 in 100,000. [4] Central DI usually starts between the ages of 10 and 20 and occurs in males and females equally. [2] Nephrogenic DI can begin at any age. [3] The term "diabetes" is derived from the Greek word meaning siphon. [6]
The causes of SIADH are commonly grouped into categories including: central nervous system diseases that directly stimulate the hypothalamus to release ADH, various cancers that synthesize and secrete ectopic ADH, various lung diseases, numerous drugs that may stimulate the release of ADH, enhance ADH effects, act as ADH analogues in the body ...
What is diabetes insipidus? You’re no doubt aware of diabetes mellitus, which has type 1 and type 2 variations. It’s a disorder of water balance and control in the body, explains Christopher ...
Sometimes measuring blood levels of ADH (a synonym for vasopressin) during this test is also necessary. [citation needed] If there is no change in the water loss despite fluid deprivation, desmopressin may be administered to distinguish between the two types of diabetes insipidus which are central & nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
This is in contrast to central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus, which is caused by insufficient levels of vasopressin (also called antidiuretic hormone, ADH). Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by an improper response of the kidney to vasopressin, leading to a decrease in the ability of the kidney to concentrate the urine by removing ...
This means that psychogenic polydipsia may lead to test results (e.g. in a water restriction test) consistent with diabetes insipidus or SIADH, leading to misdiagnosis. [14] Dry mouth is often a side effect of medications used in the treatment of some mental disorders, rather than being caused by the underlying condition. [15]
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