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Communism was decisively defeated in other states, including Malaya and Indonesia. In 1972–1979, there was détente between the Soviet Union and the United States. The fall of Communism in Europe (1980–1992) in which Soviet client states were heavily on the defensive as in Afghanistan and Nicaragua. The United States escalated the conflict ...
The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was an unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).
According to Friedrich Engels, by 1847 socialism, such as that of the Owenites and Fourierists, was considered a respectable, middle-class, or bourgeoise movement on the continent of Europe, while communism was considered a less respectable working-class movement associated with organizations such as those led by Wilhelm Weitling and Étienne ...
The rise in working class support for Socialism in this period was rapid and very significant as the Italian Socialist Party increased its membership to 250,000, the major Socialist trade union "The General Confederation of Labour", reached two million members, while the anarchist Italian Syndicalist Union saw up to 500,000 affiliates join.
Communism was seen as a rival of and a threat to Western capitalism for most of the 20th century. [159] In Western Europe, communist parties were part of several post-war governments, and even when the Cold War forced many of those countries to remove them from government, such as in Italy, they remained part of the liberal-democratic process.
Weakening of communist movements and increase in criticism of Marxism; More improvement in conflicts in international relations; Creation and expansion of the European Union; Former Soviet Bloc countries in Eastern Europe join NATO; The United States becomes the world's sole superpower; The rise of Islamic extremism and its attacks all over the ...
Moreover, these attempted revolutions led to an anti-communist atmosphere which fueled the rise of fascism in Western Europe. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] However, Trotsky's opposition and criticism of the ruling troika received support from several, Central Committee members of foreign communist parties.
Eurocommunism was a trend in the 1970s and 1980s within various Western European communist parties, which said they had developed a theory and practice of social transformation more relevant for Western Europe.