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In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic al-kuḥl ' the kohl '), [2] is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol , to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol .
A primary alcohol is an alcohol in which the hydroxy group is bonded to a primary carbon atom. It can also be defined as a molecule containing a “–CH 2 OH” group. [1] In contrast, a secondary alcohol has a formula “–CHROH” and a tertiary alcohol has a formula “–CR 2 OH”, where “R” indicates a carbon-containing group.
Ethanol is a 2-carbon alcohol. Its molecular formula is CH 3 CH 2 OH. The structure of the molecule of ethanol is CH 3 −CH 2 −OH (an ethyl group linked to a hydroxyl group), which indicates that the carbon of a methyl group (CH 3 −) is attached to the carbon of a methylene group (−CH 2 –), which is
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula −OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry , alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups.
Benzyl alcohol (also known as α-cresol) is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 OH. The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus benzyl alcohol is denoted as BnOH. Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor.
Allyl alcohol (IUPAC name: prop-2-en-1-ol) is an organic compound with the structural formula CH 2 =CHCH 2 OH. Like many alcohols, it is a water-soluble, colourless liquid. It is more toxic than typical small alcohols. Allyl alcohol is used as a precursor to many specialized compounds such as flame-resistant materials, drying oils, and ...
Conversely, a keto group can combine with water to form the geminal hydroxyl groups. The equilibrium in water solution may be shifted towards either compound. For example, the equilibrium constant for the conversion of acetone (H 3 C) 2 C =O to propane-2,2-diol (H 3 C) 2 C(OH) 2 is about 10 −3, [1] while that of formaldehyde H 2 C =O to ...
To be alcohol, the -OH must be bonded to a carbon. Use the suffix -ol to denote which carbon the alcohol group is on. A three-carbon chain with the -OH on the second carbon would be propan-2-ol. Note that in some instances, common names are better. If the -OH is on the end of the chain, or the carbon chain is only 1 or 2, use no number.