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Adobe wall (detail) in Bahillo, Palencia, Spain Renewal of the surface coating of an adobe wall in Chamisal, New Mexico Adobe walls separate urban gardens in Shiraz, Iran. Adobe (/ ə ˈ d oʊ b i / ⓘ ə-DOH-bee; [1] Spanish pronunciation:) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. Adobe is Spanish for mudbrick.
Adobe and clay can be sculpted into built-in forms and structures, such as seats and shelving, and fired with the rest of the house. Adding oxides and different types of sand and clay can create different finishes. The most important mineral oxide in glazing is silica (which makes glass). Low fired glazes are preferable for houses.
In Southern Europe adobe remained predominant. Brick continued to be manufactured in Italy throughout the period 600–1000 AD but elsewhere the craft of brick-making had largely disappeared and with it the methods for burning tiles. Roofs were largely thatched. Houses were small and gathered around a large communal hall. Monasticism spread ...
These sun dried mudbricks, also known as adobe or just mudbrick, were made from a mixture of sand, clay, water and frequently tempered (e.g. chopped straw and chaff branches), and were the most common method/material for constructing earthen buildings throughout the ancient Near East for millennia.
Great houses – Generally built on flat plains throughout the Southwest, the great house-style Pueblo dwelling sat independent of cliffs. Pit houses – Most of the populations of the Southwest lived in pit houses, carefully dug rectangular or circular depressions in the earth with wattle and daub adobe walls supported by log sized corner posts.
Pueblo Revival architecture imitates the appearance of traditional adobe Pueblo architecture, though other materials such as brick or concrete are often substituted.If adobe is not used, rounded corners, irregular parapets, and thick, battered walls are used to simulate it.
Pueblo buildings are most commonly constructed from adobe, though stone was also used where available, for instance at Chaco Canyon.The buildings have flat roofs supported by rough-hewn wooden beams called vigas and smaller perpendicular laths or latillas.
An earthen floor. An earthen floor, also called an adobe floor, is a floor made of dirt, raw earth, or other unworked ground materials. It is usually constructed, in modern times, with a mixture of sand, finely chopped straw and clay, mixed to a thickened consistency and spread with a trowel on a sub-surface such as concrete.