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Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a specific type of magnetic resonance imaging used primarily to determine flow velocities. PC-MRI can be considered a method of Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry. It also provides a method of magnetic resonance angiography.
Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a group of techniques based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to image blood vessels. Magnetic resonance angiography is used to generate images of arteries (and less commonly veins) in order to evaluate them for stenosis (abnormal narrowing), occlusions, aneurysms (vessel wall dilatations, at risk of rupture) or other abnormalities.
Angiography is also commonly performed to identify vessels narrowing in patients with leg claudication or cramps, caused by reduced blood flow down the legs and to the feet; in patients with renal stenosis (which commonly causes high blood pressure) and can be used in the head to find and repair stroke. These are all done routinely through the ...
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a fluoroscopy technique used in interventional radiology to clearly visualize blood vessels in a bony or dense soft tissue environment. Images are produced using contrast medium by subtracting a "pre-contrast image" or mask from subsequent images, once the contrast medium has been introduced into a ...
Initial efforts to measure blood flow using OCT utilized the Doppler effect. [41] [42] By comparing the phase of successive A-mode scans, the velocity of blood flow can be determined via the Doppler equation. This was deemed Optical Doppler Tomography; the development of spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) and swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) greatly ...
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SWI uses a fully flow compensated, long echo, gradient recalled echo (GRE) pulse sequence to acquire images. This method exploits the susceptibility differences between tissues and uses the phase image to detect these differences. The magnitude and phase data are combined to produce an enhanced contrast magnitude image.
The only use of acoustic angiography that has been investigated in clinical settings to date studied angiogenesis in the peripheral vasculature of human breast tissue. [12] This study investigated if acoustic angiography could be used to reduce the need for biopsy of breast tissue when diagnosing if lesions in breast tissue were cancerous or not.