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Divergent thinking is sometimes used as a synonym for creativity in psychological literature or is considered the necessary precursor to creativity. [54] However, as Runco pointed out, there is a clear distinction between creative thinking and divergent thinking. [53]
In his book "Creative Engineering" (1959) Arnold distinguishes four areas of creative thinking: [55] (1) novel functionality, i.e. solutions that satisfy a novel need or solutions that satisfy an old need in an entirely new way, (2) higher performance levels of a solution, (3) lower production costs or (4) increased salability. [57]
Creativity techniques are methods that encourage creative actions, whether in the arts or sciences. They focus on a variety of aspects of creativity, including techniques for idea generation and divergent thinking, methods of re-framing problems, changes in the affective environment and so on.
Six Thinking Hats was written by Dr. Edward de Bono. "Six Thinking Hats" and the associated idea of parallel thinking provide a means for groups to plan thinking processes in a detailed and cohesive way, and in doing so to think together more effectively.
The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, formerly the Minnesota Tests of Creative Thinking, is a test of creativity built on J. P. Guilford's work and created by Ellis Paul Torrance, the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking originally involved simple tests of divergent thinking and other problem-solving skills, which were scored on four scales ...
In Csikszentmihalyi's five-step process to elicit creative thinking, incubation is a necessary step. [11] Meaning, the use of unconscious thought is needed to solve complex problems. [12] A problem such as 2+2 is a linear thought process that can performed in the consciousness.
Creating such conditions, which are sometimes called "supportive contributions", [2] are described as psychological, material, and/or social supports that trigger, enable, and sustain creative thinking in others. [2] The term creative leadership is commonly used in organizational studies and was first referenced in 1957. [3]
Creative Pedagogy is the science and art of creative teaching. [1] It is a sub-field of Pedagogy, opposed to Critical pedagogy (just as creative thinking for example in Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking is opposed to critical thinking). "In its essence, creative pedagogy teaches learners how to learn creatively and become creators of ...