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A heat pump in combination with heat and cold storage. A ground source heat pump (also geothermal heat pump) is a heating/cooling system for buildings that use a type of heat pump to transfer heat to or from the ground, taking advantage of the relative constancy of temperatures of the earth through the seasons.
A well designed ground source heat pump installation should achieve an SPF of 3.5, or over 5 if linked to a solar-assisted thermal bank. [6] Example: For a heat pump delivering 120,000,000 BTU during the season, when consuming 15,000 kWh, the HSPF can be calculated as : HSPF = 120000000 (BTU) / (1000) / 15000 (kWh) HSPF = 8
A water-source heat pump works in a similar manner to a ground-source heat pump, except that it takes heat from a body of water rather than the ground. The body of water does, however, need to be large enough to be able to withstand the cooling effect of the unit without freezing or creating an adverse effect for wildlife. [ 31 ]
A ground-source heat pump uses the shallow ground or ground water (typically starting at 10–12 °C or 50–54 °F) as a source of heat, thus taking advantage of its seasonally moderate temperatures. [15] In contrast, an air source heat pump draws heat from the air (colder outside air) and thus requires more energy.
The Government grant will provide £5,000 for an air source heat pump and £6,000 for a ground source heat pump, for homes in England and Wales that are sufficiently insulated.
The EU standard test conditions for an air source heat pump is at dry-bulb temperature of 20 °C (68 °F) for and 7 °C (44.6 °F) for . [9] Given sub-zero European winter temperatures, real world heating performance is significantly poorer than such standard COP figures imply.
"Cold climate" heat pumps are designed to optimize efficiency below 0 °F (−18 °C). As of 2023 heat pumps are marketed that will extract heat from outdoor temperatures as low as −40 °F (−40 °C). In the case of cold climates, water or ground-source heat pumps are often the most efficient solution.
A ground source heat pump is used in winter to extract the warmth from the Thermal Bank to provide space heating via underfloor heating. A high Coefficient of performance is obtained because the heat pump starts with a warm temperature of 25 °C (77 °F) from the thermal store, instead of a cold temperature of 10 °C (50 °F) from the ground. [17]
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