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Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing biological fuels using an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, ... Glycolysis pay-off phase 4
In physiology, respiration is the transport of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, ... ISBN 978-0-521-70302-4. Randall, David (2002).
This strategy results in the waste products H 2 O and CO 2 being formed in different amounts at different phases of respiration. CO 2 is formed in Pyruvate decarboxylation , H 2 O is formed in oxidative phosphorylation , and both are formed in the citric acid cycle . [ 3 ]
Summary of aerobic respiration Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose ( C 6 H 12 O 6 ) into pyruvate and, in most organisms, occurs in the liquid part of cells (the cytosol ). The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine ...
Diaphragmatic respiration persists but there is progressive intercostal paralysis, pupils dilated and light reflex is abolished. The laryngeal reflex lost in plane II can still be initiated by painful stimuli arising from the dilatation of anus or cervix. This was the desired plane for surgery when muscle relaxants were not used.
The in-breath is followed by the out-breath, giving the respiratory cycle of inhalation and exhalation. There are three phases of the respiratory cycle: inspiration, post-inspiration or passive expiration, and late or active expiration. [14] [15] The number of cycles per minute is the respiratory rate.
There are two distinct phases in the pathway. The first is the oxidative phase, in which NADPH is generated, and the second is the non-oxidative synthesis of five-carbon sugars. For most organisms, the pentose phosphate pathway takes place in the cytosol; in plants, most steps take place in plastids. [4]
Maintenance respiration, the amount of cellular respiration required for an organism to maintain itself in a constant state; Respiration (physiology), transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and the external environment Respiratory system, the anatomical system of an organism used for respiration