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During typical AVNRT, electrical impulses travel down the slow pathway of the AV node and back up the fast pathway. The fundamental mechanism of AVNRT is a presence of a dual atrioventricular node physiology (present in half of the population), which acts as a re-entrant circuit within the atrioventricular node. [4] This can take several forms.
Catheter ablation is a procedure that uses radio-frequency energy or other sources to terminate or modify a faulty electrical pathway from sections of the heart of those who are prone to developing cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
It is an anatomical area located at the base of the right atrium, and its boundaries are the coronary sinus orifice, tendon of Todaro, and the septal leaflet of the right atrioventricular valve (also known as the tricuspid valve). [2] It is anatomically significant because the atrioventricular node is located at the apex of the triangle. The ...
The AV node's normal intrinsic firing rate without stimulation (such as that from the SA node) is 40–60 times/minute. [13] This property is important because loss of the conduction system before the AV node should still result in pacing of the ventricles by the slower pacemaking ability of the AV node.
Radiofrequency ablation technique can be used in AF, either to block the atrioventricular node after implantation of a pacemaker or to block conduction within the left atrium, especially around the pulmonary veins. Radiofrequency ablation for AF can be unipolar (one electrode) or bipolar (two electrodes). [22]
SVT involving the AV node is often a contraindication to using radiofrequency ablation due to the small (1%) incidence of injuring the AV node, then requiring a permanent pacemaker. Cryoablation uses a catheter supercooled by nitrous oxide gas freezing the tissue to −10 °C (+14.0 °F).
[6] [7] It is performed without surgery, by using radiofrequency catheter ablation with one-day hospital. [citation needed] The results up to 100 months follow-up are showing better outcome than clinical measures or pacemaker implantation with changing the tilt-test on to normal and by absence of syncope in more than 90% of patients without ...
The underlying anatomical causes of PSVT, specifically atrioventricular nodal reentry, involve the presence of two functionally distinct conduction pathways within the AV node and the formation of a reentrant circuit that sustains the tachycardia. [8] These pathways within the AV node are known as the fast pathway and the slow pathway. [9]