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Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG or ENi/IAu), also known as immersion gold (Au), chemical Ni/Au or soft gold, is a metal plating process used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), to avoid oxidation and improve the solderability of copper contacts and plated through-holes.
A PCB milling machine (referred to as a 'PCB Prototyper') operates in a similar way to a plotter, receiving commands from the host software that control the position of the milling head in the x, y, and (if relevant) z axis. Laser resist ablation involves spraying black paint onto copper clad laminate, then placing the board into CNC laser ...
There are several types of gold plating used in the electronics industry: [3] Soft, pure gold plating is used in the semiconductor industry. The gold layer is easily soldered and wire bonded. Its Knoop hardness ranges between 60 and 85. The plating baths have to be kept free of contamination. Soft, pure gold is deposited from special electrolytes.
Through-hole devices mounted on the circuit board of a mid-1980s home computer.Axial-lead devices are at upper left, while blue radial-lead capacitors are at upper right Close-up view of an electronic circuit board showing component lead holes (gold-plated) with through-hole plating up the sides of the hole to connect tracks on both sides of the board.
A printed circuit board (PCB), also called printed wiring board (PWB), is a laminated sandwich structure of conductive and insulating layers, each with a pattern of traces, planes and other features (similar to wires on a flat surface) etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto or between sheet layers of a non-conductive ...
An updated flash flood warning was issued by the NWS Fort Worth TX on Wednesday at 2:37 p.m. "At 2:37 p.m., Emergency management reported multiple flooded roadways due to thunderstorms producing ...
Flash flooding, some turning life-threatening, occurred around Dallas, including interstate 35 and farther to the east in northern Texas, to the north in Beware Dallas: Dangerous, disruptive flash ...
Electroless deposition is an important process in the electronic industry for metallization of substrates. Other metallization of substrates also include physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and electroplating which produce thin metal films but require high temperature, vacuum, and a power source respectively. [20]