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Cruel and unusual punishment is a phrase in common law describing punishment that is considered unacceptable due to the suffering, pain, or humiliation it inflicts on the person subjected to the sanction. The precise definition varies by jurisdiction, but typically includes punishments that are arbitrary, unnecessary, or overly severe compared ...
In an interstate conflict, the requirement of distinction between combatants and protected civilians lies at the root of the jus in bello.It is reflected in Article 48 of Additional Protocol I of 1977 to the 1949 Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims, entitled "Basic rule": "the Parties to the conflict shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and combatants ...
Thus shall may be used (particularly in the second and third persons) to imply a command, promise or threat made by the speaker (i.e., that the future event denoted represents the will of the speaker rather than that of the subject). For example: You shall regret it before long. (speaker's threat) You shall not pass! (speaker's command)
The English modal auxiliary verbs are a subset of the English auxiliary verbs used mostly to express modality, properties such as possibility and obligation. [a] They can most easily be distinguished from other verbs by their defectiveness (they do not have participles or plain forms [b]) and by their lack of the ending ‑(e)s for the third-person singular.
Non-standard: I could not fire because I did not have line-of-site to the target. stationary and stationery. Stationary is an adjective meaning "not moving"; stationery is a noun meaning office supplies. Standard: The train remained stationary for a few moments, before lurching forward along the track.
Prejudice is a legal term with different meanings, which depend on whether it is used in criminal, civil, or common law.In legal context, prejudice differs from the more common use of the word and so the term has specific technical meanings.
A bastard (mamzer) shall not enter into the congregation of the L ORD; even to his tenth generation shall he not enter into the congregation of the L ORD. — Deuteronomy 23:2 " shall not enter the congregation of the Lord " was explained by the Rabbis to mean that the bastard cannot marry a son or daughter of Israel.
deserter in the hands of the adversary party shall at least be considered as a prisoner of war, but can also obtain another not less favourable status; [31] betrayer in the hands of his Origin State does not have right to the status of the prisoner of war according to the international dominant practice; [ 31 ]