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Puerto Ricans (Spanish: Puertorriqueños), [11] [12] most commonly known as Boricuas, [a] [13] but also occasionally referred to as Borinqueños, Borincanos, [b] or Puertorros, [c] [14] are an ethnic group native to the Caribbean archipelago and island of Puerto Rico, and a nation identified with the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico through ancestry, culture, or history.
Pacific Islanders may be considered Oceanian Americans, but this group may include Australians and New Zealander-origin people, who can be of non-Pacific Islander ethnicity. Many Pacific Islander Americans are mixed with other races, especially Europeans and Asians, due to Pacific Islanders being a small population in several communities across ...
Dolan, Jay P., ed. Puerto Rican and Cuban Catholics in the U.S., 1900-1965 (Volume 2, "Notre Dame History of Hispanic Catholics in the U.S." series), (University of Notre Dame Press, 1994). Duany, Jorge (2002). The Puerto Rican Nation on the Move: Identities on the Island and in the United States (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press).
Congress made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens in 1917, about 19 years after taking control of the island. Later, when the island passed its 1952 constitution, Congress decided to make Puerto Rico a ...
In 2000, "Asian" and "Pacific Islander" became two separate racial categories. [56] According to the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program (PEP), a "Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander" is, A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific islands.
Puerto Ricans often call the island Borinquen, a derivation of Borikén, its Indigenous Taíno name, which is popularly said to mean "Land of the Valiant Lord". [40] [41] [42] The terms boricua, borinqueño, and borincano are commonly used to identify someone of Puerto Rican heritage, [43] [44] and derive from Borikén and Borinquen ...
Other Pacific Islander – Print race, for example, Fijian, Tongan, and so on. ... Puerto Rican, South or Central American or other Spanish culture or origin ...
In a study done on Puerto Rican women (of all races) born on the island but living in New York by Carolina Bonilla, Mark D. Shriver and Esteban Parra in 2004, the ancestry proportions corresponding to the three parental populations were found to be 53.3±2.8% European, 29.1±2.3% West African, and 17.6±2.4% Native American based on autosomal ...