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  2. Pseudoreplication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoreplication

    Sacrificial pseudoreplication (Figure 5b in Hurlbert 1984) occurs when means within a treatment are used in an analysis, and these means are tested over the within unit variance. In Figure 5b the erroneous F-ratio will have 1 df in the numerator (treatment) mean square and 4 df in the denominator mean square(2-1 = 1 df for each experimental unit).

  3. Replication crisis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_crisis

    The same effect size might have multiple estimators, as they have tradeoffs between efficiency, bias, variance, etc. This further increases the number of possible statistical quantities that can be computed on a single dataset. When an estimator for an effect size is used for statistical testing, it is called a test statistic.

  4. Cell theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_theory

    From these conclusions about plants and animals, two of the three tenets of cell theory were postulated. 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells 2. The cell is the most basic unit of life. Schleiden's theory of free cell formation through crystallization was refuted in the 1850s by Robert Remak, Rudolf Virchow, and Albert ...

  5. Single-cell analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-cell_analysis

    This single cell shows the process of the central dogma of molecular biology, which are all steps researchers are interested to quantify (DNA, RNA, and Protein).. In cell biology, single-cell analysis and subcellular analysis [1] refer to the study of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and cellcell interactions at the level of an individual cell, as opposed to more ...

  6. Are doctors overtreating early-stage breast cancer? Is active ...

    www.aol.com/doctors-overtreating-early-stage...

    Cancer is typically treated with surgery, radiation and sometimes chemotherapy. But a new study suggests this standard protocol might not be necessary for a common form of early-stage breast cancer.

  7. Gene-centered view of evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene-centered_view_of...

    The gene-centered view of evolution is a synthesis of the theory of evolution by natural selection, the particulate inheritance theory, and the rejection of transmission of acquired characters. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] It states that those alleles whose phenotypic effects successfully promote their own propagation will be favorably selected relative to ...

  8. Hayflick limit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayflick_limit

    The typical normal human fetal cell will divide between 50 and 70 times before experiencing senescence. As the cell divides, the telomeres on the ends of chromosomes shorten. The Hayflick limit is the limit on cell replication imposed by the shortening of telomeres with each division. This end stage is known as cellular senescence.

  9. Single-cell sequencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-cell_sequencing

    Single-cell sequencing examines the nucleic acid sequence information from individual cells with optimized next-generation sequencing technologies, providing a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment. [1]