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Problems with balance can occur when there is a disruption in any of the vestibular, visual, or proprioceptive systems. Abnormalities in balance function may indicate a wide range of pathologies from causes like inner ear disorders, low blood pressure, brain tumors, and brain injury including stroke.
The symptoms of vestibulocerebellar syndrome vary among patients but are typically a unique combination of ocular abnormalities including nystagmus, poor or absent smooth pursuit (ability of the eyes to follow a moving object), strabismus (misalignment of the eyes), diplopia (double vision), oscillopsia (the sensation that stationary objects in the visual field are oscillating) and abnormal ...
The most common causes of damage to the vestibular nerve are exposure to ototoxic antibiotics, Ménière's disease, encephalitis and some rare autoimmune disorders. [3] Typically, patients with a damaged nerve suffer from acute attacks of vertigo accompanied by nausea/vomiting, inability to maintain posture and horizontal nystagmus. [4]
AIED is generally caused by either antibodies or immune cells that cause damage to the inner ear. There are several theories that propose a cause of AIED: Bystander damage – Physical damage to the inner ear may lead to cytokine release that signals for an immune response. This may be a component of the "attack/remission cycle" of AIED. [9]
Vestibulopathies are disorders of the inner ear. They may include bilateral vestibulopathy, [1] central vestibulopathy, [2] post traumatic vestibulopathy, [3] peripheral vestibulopathy, [4] recurrent vestibulopathy, [5] visual vestibulopathy, [6] and neurotoxic vestibulopathy, [7] among others. Tinnitus is a common vestibulopathy.
Other causes include Ménière's disease (12%), superior canal dehiscence syndrome, vestibular neuritis, and visual vertigo. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Any cause of inflammation such as common cold , influenza , and bacterial infections may cause transient vertigo if it involves the inner ear, as may chemical insults (e.g., aminoglycosides ) [ 18 ] or ...
Treatment differs depending on the cause. Each cause has a different treatment, and may involve either medical treatment, surgery, or therapy. If serious damage has already been done, then the focus of treatment is upon avoidance of vestibular suppressants and ototoxins including medications. Vestibular rehabilitation is important. Physicians ...
A test of pressure can effectively identify that the problem is DCS if the symptoms resolve rapidly on recompression. The effectiveness of this test will largely depend on how soon it can be done after the symptoms manifest. Delays can allow oedema and ischaemia damage to develop, which may take longer to resolve.